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After two years of online learning, minor changes happened in some tiny places which we may not always notice. These changes may impact the school management, education arrangement, and curriculum design: what do students expect from their teachers, and the school? Are they expecting forever online learning, and getting their degree completely online? In this study, we examined 93 final-year students from the school of computing science which mainly used work-based learning applied to learn pedagogy. We analyze their viewpoint on how COVID-19 changed their understanding of teaching and learning: what is the role of teachers and students? And how do they see the arrangement for the internship program? We found that over 92% of students agree that a creditable degree can better secure a job;over 68% of the students believed that face-to-face teaching is still a better choice, but at the same time, over 73% wish to have the materials recorded so that they can access them at their convenience time. We also examined some of the course design elements, especially those related to the internship program, to achieve a possible curriculum improvement for the students in the Asia Pacific region. © 2022 ACM.
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The arrival of COVID-19 has changed the way traditional classes are conducted, and online teaching has never been more popular. While there are many advantages to online teaching, there are also extremely obvious disadvantages, one of which is the tendency to lack concentration. For this reason, this study uses video images from the DAiSee dataset, a new sampling script, deep learning neural networks, and a new PAD emotion model to systematically assess student concentration. Our test set uses 21 short videos from the DAISee dataset, sampling a total of 1,866 frames. The final results showed that the accuracy of the neural network was approximately 80%. The results of the test set on the PAD model showed that the percentage of attentive listeners was 65.9%, while the percentage of highly inattentive listeners was 6.2%. This study constructed a complete concentration monitoring system for online classrooms centred on smart education which can provide the information of students' concentration in real time. © 2022 ACM.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many challenges, including doctor-patient relationships (DPRs). This study aims to investigate the change in patients' attitudes towards doctors during the pandemic. We collected 24,000 reviews in Beijing, China from an online health platform, with half of the data from 2019 and another half from 2020. These data were compared using sentiment and word frequency analyses. Results show that the number of negative reviews has reduced significantly, and the salient topics of negative reviews have shifted from doctor-related to administration-related. These findings suggest that the DPRs have improved but there is room for managerial improvements in the health sector. © 2022 ACM.
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Objectives: There are concerns for COVID-19 vaccination in causing thyroid dysfunction and triggering thyroid autoimmunity. Also, data on the impact of pre-existing thyroid autoimmunity on COVID-19 vaccination efficacy are limited. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on thyroid function and antibodies, and the influence of pre-existing thyroid autoimmunity on neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Methods: Adults without history of COVID-19 or thyroid disorders who received COVID-19 vaccination between 14 June 2021 and 8 August 2021 at three vaccination centers were recruited. All participants received two doses of vaccines. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after the first dose of vaccination. Post-vaccination NAb against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain was measured. Results: In total, 215 individuals were included (129 BNT162b2 [60%] and 86 CoronaVac [40%] recipients): mean age 49.6 years, 37.2% men, and 12.1% positive for anti-TPO/anti-Tg at baseline. After vaccination, TSH levels did not change (p=0.225), but fT4 slightly increased (from 12. 0±1.1 to 12.2±1.2 pmol/L, p<0. 001) and fT3 slightly decreased (from 4.1±0.4 to 4. 0±0.4 pmol/L, p<0. 001). Only 3 patients (1.4%) had abnormal thyroid function after vaccination: two occurred among BNT162b2 recipients - both were subclinical thyrotoxicosis (TSH 0.32mIU/L, fT4 11.51pmol/L and fT3 4.40pmol/L;TSH 0.34mIU/L, fT4 12.67pmol/L and fT3 4.22pmol/L;both were anti-TPO and anti-Tg negative before and after vaccination);one occurred among CoronaVac recipients - isolated mild low fT3 (TSH 0.90mIU/L, fT4 9.94pmol/L and fT3 2.33pmol/L;anti-TPO/Tg negative before and after vaccination). All three recipients were asymptomatic. Both anti-TPO and anti-Tg titers increased modestly after vaccination (anti-TPO: from 7.50 [IQR: 5.90-11.2] to 9.80 IU/mL [IQR: 7.80-13.1], p<0. 001;anti-Tg: from 12.4 [IQR: 11.1-14.9] to 15.7 IU/mL [IQR: 14.2-18.2], p<0. 001), without significant changes in anti-TPO/Tg positivity. Changes in thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies were generally consistent between BNT162b2 and CoronaVac recipients, although anti-TPO titer rise was greater after BNT162b2 (p<0. 001). NAb responses were similar between individuals with and without pre-existing thyroid autoimmunity (p=0.855). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a modest increase in anti-thyroid antibody titers. Anti-TPO increase was greater among BNT162b2 recipients. However, there was no clinically significant thyroid dysfunction 8 weeks post-vaccination. NAb responses were not influenced by pre-existing thyroid autoimmunity. Our results provided important reassurance to people to proceed to COVID-19 vaccination.Presentation: No date and time listed
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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the impact of glycaemic status on clinical outcomes and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) response among patients with predominantly non-severe COVID-19, highly relevant to the current COVID-19 vaccination programme. METHODS: We included consecutive adults admitted to Queen Mary Hospital for COVID-19 from July 2020 to May 2021. Glycaemic status was defined by HbA1c on admission: normoglycaemia (<5.7%), prediabetes (5.7-6.4%) and diabetes (≥6.5% or known diabetes). Clinical deterioration was defined by radiological progression, new oxygen requirement, intensive care unit admission, or death. COVID-19 survivors had Ab measurements at 1-month, 2-month, 3- month and 6-month post-discharge, with a live SARS-CoV-2-based microneutralization assay which correlated well with anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain IgG (≥1:20 defined as positive). RESULTS: Among 605 patients (age 50.2 - 17.1 years;45.1% men;96.9% non-severe COVID-19), 325 had normoglycaemia, 185 had prediabetes and 95 had diabetes. 74 had clinical deterioration (12.2%): 16 required intensive care and 4 died. Clinical deterioration was more likely with worse glycaemic status (P < 0.001) and higher HbA1c (OR 1.403, P < 0.001). Older age (P < 0.001), higher viral loads (P < 0.001), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) and symptomatic presentation (P = 0.008), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, independently predicted clinical deterioration. 314 patients had Ab measured upon follow-up (1-month: 295;2-month: 227;3-month: 207;6-month: 122). Ab titres were comparable across glycaemic status throughout follow-up period. CRP (P = 0.003), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, was the only positive independent determinant of Ab levels. Rate of decline of Ab titre was comparable across glycaemic status, and did not correlate with HbA1c. Furthermore, most patients remained Ab-positive throughout follow-up (1-month: 94.9%, 2-month: 93.8%, 3-month: 87.4%, 6-month 80.3%), similar across glycaemic status. CONCLUSION: Worse glycaemic status was associated with a higher chance of clinical deterioration in COVID-19, contributed by older age, more severe inflammation and higher viral loads. Importantly, glycaemic status did not adversely influence the Ab response.
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Background: A high proportion of COVID-19 patients were reported to have cardiac involvements. Data pertaining to cardiac sequalae is of urgent importance to define subsequent cardiac surveillance.
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Objectives: Strict quarantine measures were placed throughout China to prevent the spread of COVID-19. We anticipated that the ongoing restrictions in mobility and daily activities would lead to interpersonal conflicts in families, especially between children and those parents who worked away from home year-round. By using telephonic follow-up, we aimed to assess the impact of the outbreak on the patients’ daily functioning and to reduce relapse rates. Methods: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were administered to families of adolescents with recent mental health admissions at a participating hospital in Henan province, China. Interviews were conducted telephonically at 3 time points during the 3-month lockdown. Paired and unpaired t tests were employed to compare the functionality of children whose parents worked locally and lived with their children (G1) vs those whose parents worked outside the province and do not live in the home (G2). Results: The study cohort consists of 48 adolescent patients in G1 and 93 patients in G2. The re-hospitalization rate was 2.2% compared to 4.5% in 2019 during the same period. CGAS total scores did not show group differences at each of the time points. There were significant changes in emotional difficulty subscores of HoNOSCA between the 2 time points, T1-T3 (p = 0.006) and T2-T3 (p < 0.0001), in group G2. The parent-child conflict scores in G2 between T1-T2 (p < 0.001) and T2-T3 (p = 0.007) were different significantly. On the other hand, group G1 did not experience significant emotional difficulty, but their online learning behavior deteriorated over time, at T1-T2 (p < 0.0001) and T2-T3 (p < 0.0001). Intergroup differences were seen in learning difficulties at T1 between the G1 and G2 groups (p = 0.016). Conclusions: In China, this is the first study providing telephonic intervention to a population of discharged adolescent patients who have no access to follow-up clinic visits. We found a significant change in adolescent emotional control, parent-child conflict, and online learning compliance in those adolescents whose parents left for work outside the province during the extended quarantine. This study can provide reference for future studies on COVID-19–related adolescent mental health. DS, FAM, TVM